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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "PASSWD 1"
.TH PASSWD 1 2026-06-12 1.1.1w OpenSSL
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH NAME
openssl\-passwd,
passwd \- compute password hashes
.SH SYNOPSIS
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBopenssl passwd\fR
[\fB\-help\fR]
[\fB\-crypt\fR]
[\fB\-1\fR]
[\fB\-apr1\fR]
[\fB\-aixmd5\fR]
[\fB\-5\fR]
[\fB\-6\fR]
[\fB\-salt\fR \fIstring\fR]
[\fB\-in\fR \fIfile\fR]
[\fB\-stdin\fR]
[\fB\-noverify\fR]
[\fB\-quiet\fR]
[\fB\-table\fR]
[\fB\-rand file...\fR]
[\fB\-writerand file\fR]
{\fIpassword\fR}
.SH DESCRIPTION
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The \fBpasswd\fR command computes the hash of a password typed at
run-time or the hash of each password in a list.  The password list is
taken from the named file for option \fB\-in file\fR, from stdin for
option \fB\-stdin\fR, or from the command line, or from the terminal otherwise.
.SH OPTIONS
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP \fB\-help\fR 4
.IX Item "-help"
Print out a usage message.
.IP \fB\-crypt\fR 4
.IX Item "-crypt"
Use the \fBcrypt\fR algorithm (default).
.IP \fB\-1\fR 4
.IX Item "-1"
Use the MD5 based BSD password algorithm \fB1\fR.
.IP \fB\-apr1\fR 4
.IX Item "-apr1"
Use the \fBapr1\fR algorithm (Apache variant of the BSD algorithm).
.IP \fB\-aixmd5\fR 4
.IX Item "-aixmd5"
Use the \fBAIX MD5\fR algorithm (AIX variant of the BSD algorithm).
.IP \fB\-5\fR 4
.IX Item "-5"
.PD 0
.IP \fB\-6\fR 4
.IX Item "-6"
.PD
Use the \fBSHA256\fR / \fBSHA512\fR based algorithms defined by Ulrich Drepper.
See <https://www.akkadia.org/drepper/SHA\-crypt.txt>.
.IP "\fB\-salt\fR \fIstring\fR" 4
.IX Item "-salt string"
Use the specified salt.
When reading a password from the terminal, this implies \fB\-noverify\fR.
.IP "\fB\-in\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-in file"
Read passwords from \fIfile\fR.
.IP \fB\-stdin\fR 4
.IX Item "-stdin"
Read passwords from \fBstdin\fR.
.IP \fB\-noverify\fR 4
.IX Item "-noverify"
Don't verify when reading a password from the terminal.
.IP \fB\-quiet\fR 4
.IX Item "-quiet"
Don't output warnings when passwords given at the command line are truncated.
.IP \fB\-table\fR 4
.IX Item "-table"
In the output list, prepend the cleartext password and a TAB character
to each password hash.
.IP "\fB\-rand file...\fR" 4
.IX Item "-rand file..."
A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
generator.
Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
The separator is \fB;\fR for MS-Windows, \fB,\fR for OpenVMS, and \fB:\fR for
all others.
.IP "[\fB\-writerand file\fR]" 4
.IX Item "[-writerand file]"
Writes random data to the specified \fIfile\fR upon exit.
This can be used with a subsequent \fB\-rand\fR flag.
.SH EXAMPLES
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
.Vb 2
\&  % openssl passwd \-crypt \-salt xx password
\&  xxj31ZMTZzkVA
\&
\&  % openssl passwd \-1 \-salt xxxxxxxx password
\&  $1$xxxxxxxx$UYCIxa628.9qXjpQCjM4a.
\&
\&  % openssl passwd \-apr1 \-salt xxxxxxxx password
\&  $apr1$xxxxxxxx$dxHfLAsjHkDRmG83UXe8K0
\&
\&  % openssl passwd \-aixmd5 \-salt xxxxxxxx password
\&  xxxxxxxx$8Oaipk/GPKhC64w/YVeFD/
.Ve
.SH COPYRIGHT
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2000\-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
.PP
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.